First and Second Triumvirates of Rome

A triumvirate is a system of government wherein three people share the highest political power. The term originated in Rome during the final collapse of the republic; it literally means the rule of three men (tres  viri). The members of a triumvirate may or may not be elected and may or may not rule in accordance with existing legal norms. The First Triumvirate An alliance of  Julius Caesar,  Pompey  (Pompeius Magnus) and  Marcus Licinius Crassus  ruled Rome from 60 BCE to 54 BCE. These three men consolidated power in the waning days of Republican Rome. Although Rome had expanded far beyond central Italy, its political institutions -- established when Rome was just one more small city-state among others -- failed to keep pace. Technically, Rome was still just a city on the Tiber River, governed by a Senate; provincial governors largely ruled outside of Italy and with few exceptions, the people of the provinces lacked the same dignity and rights that Romans (i.e., people who lived in Rome) enjoyed. For a century before the First Triumvirate, the republic was rocked by slave revolts, pressure from Gallic tribes to the north, corruption in the provinces and civil wars. Powerful men -- more powerful than the Senate, at times -- occasionally exercised informal authority with the walls of Rome. Against that backdrop, Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus aligned to bring order out of chaos but the order lasted a scant six years. The three men ruled until 54 BCE. In 53, Crassus was killed and by 48, Caesar defeated Pompey at Pharsalus and ruled alone until his assassination in the Senate in 44. The Second Triumvirate The Second Triumvirate consisted of Octavian (Augustus), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Mark Antony. The Second Triumvirate was an official body created in 43 B.C., known as Triumviri Rei Publicae Constituendae Consulari Potestate. Consular power was assigned to the three men. Usually, there were only two elected consuls. The triumvirate, despite a five-year term limit, was renewed for a second term. The Second Triumvirate differed from the first insofar as it was a legal entity explicitly endorsed by the Senate, not a private agreement among strongmen. However, the Second suffered the same fate as the First: Internal bickering and jealousy led to its weakening and collapse. First to fall was Lepidus. After a power play against Octavian, he was stripped of all of his offices except for  Pontifex Maximus  in 36 and later banished to a remote island. Antony -- having lived since 40 with Cleopatra of Egypt and growing increasingly isolated from the power politics of Rome -- was decisively defeated in 31 at the Battle of Actium and thereafter committed suicide with Cleopatra in 30. By 27, Octavian had retitled himself  Augustus, effectively becoming the first emperor of Rome. Although Augustus paid particular care to use the language of the republic, thus maintaining a fiction of republicanism well into the first and second centuries CE, the power of the Senate and its consuls had been broken and the Roman Empire began its nearly half-millennium of influence across the Meditteranean world.

The Suicide Note By Janice Mirikitani - 1283 Words

TOPIC There are times when we feel like we must be perfect in other to please others. No matter if we did the best we could, if it isn’t perfect, we felt like a failure. We want the approval that comes with perfectness but perfectionism is not the same thing as striving to be our best. Perfectionism is not about healthy achievement and growth; it s a shield. Perfectionism is refusal to accept any standard short of perfection. â€Å"Suicide Note,† by Janice Mirikitani, is about an Asian American college student who commits suicide by jumping from her dormitory window. This poem is read as the suicide note that was left behind by this young woman to apologize to her parent s for having received less than a perfect four point grade average and not being perfect in life. Her last thoughts and feelings were left on this note, describing why she did what she did. The pressure to succeed that this student felt from herself and her parents was far too much to overcome. Even though t he girl worked really hard and did her very best, it wasn’t good enough in her mind and maybe in her parents’ minds to be worthy of her parents’ love or life itself and so her only option was death to atone for her sin of imperfection. Sometimes pressure to succeed that a student feels from herself and her parents is far too much to overcome. This poem begins by describing some of the harsh feelings associated with failure. She starts by writing, â€Å"How many notesShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Suicide Note By Janice Mirikitani1081 Words   |  5 Pagesof mental illness, and views of suicide. It has been estimated that almost 50 distinct Asian American ethnic groups speaking 30 different languages reside in the United States alone,† (Hapa). Many Asian Americans are very traditional family’s â€Å"Asian Americans are more likely than other Americans to value marriage, parenthood, hard work and career success† (Saw) . The poem Suicide Note by Janice Mirikitani, is a poem about a young Asian-American who commits suicide by jumping out of her dormitoryRead MoreAnalysis Of Janice Mirikitani s Suicide Note1266 Words   |  6 Pagesfamily, and even from friends is inescapable. People can tear themselves down in many ways, such as through school, not feeling they look good enough, and even just not feel ing like they’re ever good enough to be living on Earth. In Janice Mirikitani’s poem â€Å"Suicide Note,† it talks about an Asian-American student currently in college. She tries her hardest, she wants to succeed and make her parents proud. Her parents have high standards for her, as they want her to receive a 4.0 grade point averageRead MoreComparision of Barbie Doll by Marge Piercy and Suicide Note by Janice Mirikitani1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe poem â€Å"Barbie Doll† by Marge Piercy and â€Å"Suicide Note† by Janice Mirikitani are both about how two young women could no long take the pressures society placed upon them. Although the two poems have a very different tone, language, and structure the same underlying theme exists. In both poems the girls struggle to be perfect and to conform to the desires of others. Both women in the poems ultimately commit suicide because they can no longer live with the criticism and lack of acceptance that Read MoreEssay on A Womans Struggle 1373 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Daddy† and Janice Mirikitani’s â€Å"Suicide Note,† show the struggle and pain that oppressive forces perpetrated on women. Although, both speakers are oppressed the way they end the oppression and the cause of it are very different. Patriarchy has always existed, and it affects women all over the world. For example, banned bride abductions in Central Asia have continued to occur, and the women who resist abduction, risk death, or becoming ostracized from their country (Werner 2). â€Å"Suicide Note† by JaniceRead MoreSuide in The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost and Dreams of Suicide by William Meredith 1062 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Suicide Note† by Janice Mirikitani, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, and â€Å"Dreams of Suicide† by William Meredith are the three poems that connect together in several different ways. Not only do the poems link together, but the authors do as well. This paper will present biographical information about the authors, symbols throughout the poems, and the literary elements the authors chose to use in the poems. It will also explain how the symbols and literary elements that are used help emphasizeRead MoreAnalysis Of Mirror Vs. Suicide Note1222 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Mirror† vs â€Å"Suicide Note† Poetry is a type of literature that uses rhythmical composition to implement the reader with beautiful, imaginative or elevated thoughts (dictionary.com). Two of the finest poems during their time wereâ€Å"Mirror†, by Sylvia Plath, and â€Å"Suicide Note†, by Janice Mirikitani. Sylvia Plath was a troubled poet; throughout her life she had dealt with major depression. During college she attempted to put an end to her life by taking sleeping pills; she was placed in a mental instituteRead MoreWhen Things Fall Apart By Janice Mirikitani987 Words   |  4 Pageseveryone should take. â€Å"Suicide Note† by Janice Mirikitani talks about a girl who committed suicide just because she didn’t have kindness for herself. I choose to compare the reading by Mirikitani with chapter number five â€Å"It’s Never Too Late† of the book â€Å"When Things Fall Apart† by Pema Chodron because this chapter talks about how people should start having kindne ss for themselves. This is a part of the book that Asian-American girl who committed suicide, which Mirikitani talks should have read itRead MoreWomanhood and Failures through the Burden of Self Esteem Essay1302 Words   |  6 Pagesparents can be intimidating and emotionally draining. For most parents, having their child succeed is a top priority, and children want to exceed parents’ expectations by achieving good grades and a high standard in school. In the poem â€Å"Suicide Note,† by Janice Mirikitani, a female Asian American college student is struggling to live up to her parents expectations. She does not receive a perfect grade point average that her parents are expecting, and she does not have the strength to face them in personRead MoreAn Annotated Bibliography Of Writing881 Words   |  4 Pagespersona/speaker of the poem. For example, in the poem titled â€Å"Suicide Note† by Janice Mirikitani, the poet takes on the persona of an Asian American tee nage girl who committed suicide due to her inability to live up to her parents educational expectation they had for her. Mirikitani writes, â€Å"I apologize. / Tasks do not come easily. / Each failure, a glacier† (684). In this line of the poem, Mirkitani takes on the persona of the girl who committed suicide by using a tone that is solemn and heartbreaking. From

Immigration Policy And The Presidential Election Essay

„Every year, nearly a million people immigrate to the United States. Over 41 million legal and undocumented immigrants live in the country today. That’s 13% of the population. How the US deals with the flow of immigrants directly affects the countries security and economy.† This opening statement made in the video â€Å"Immigration Policy and the Presidential election† produced by Hagit Ariav and Jeremy Sherlick in October 2015 for the Council of Foreign Relations expresses why immigration is an ever present issue in American politics. However, statements and policies introduced by this year’s candidates, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, have brought the controversial topic of immigration to a historic high, sparking wide spread opinions and discussions throughout the country. The complexity of immigration in the United States finds its routes both in its historical meaning within the United States, as well as the various actors and countries current ly involved in the situation. Historically, the United States is a country of immigrants. In past decades, millions of people from around the world have come to the country in hope of starting a new and better life. Currently, the United States is experiencing a constant flow of people coming from the Northern Triangle (Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala) in Central America. According to the Council on Foreign Affairs’ article ‘Central America’s Violent Northern Triangle’ written by Danielle Renwick, â€Å"nearly 10 percent of theShow MoreRelatedThe Line Between Teaching History And Current Events1387 Words   |  6 Pagesevery four years comes the Presidential Election. This is a current event that cannot be ignored given the amount of media attention and personal debates that occur from the national election. Given these facts, it is nearly impossible not to teach about the ongoing election within school classrooms. After reading Students learn about candidates, issues, civics it is clear that many different approaches are used to inform students about the presidential election, if the election is even discussed withinRead MorePresident Obama s Presidential Election1669 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States holds a presidential election every four years. The current president, Barack Obama, is unable to seek reelection for third time because the Twenty-second Amendment states a president can only serve two terms. President Obama’s final term ends January 20th, 2017, the same day as the new presidential inauguration. The new president to be inducted will be elected November 8th, 2016, Election Day. The race to be president began shortly after the 2014 presidential election, where candidatesRead MoreEconomics And Immigration : The Economics Of U.s. Immigration Policy964 Words   |  4 PagesEconomics and Immigration Immigration is a topic on everyone s minds these days. With presidential candidates vying for votes in debates and political campaigns, immigration has been talked about quite a bit. But what is truly known about immigration? Since it is such a divisive issue, it is hard to know what is true and what isn’t. Unfortunately, the information most readily available to us comes in the form of opinionated articles and biased speeches by presidential candidates. Because the informationRead MoreImmigration Is The Act Of Movement Of The United States1501 Words   |  7 PagesImmigration is the act of movement of personalities from their country of origin to another one for better lives, education, visitations, job opportunities and also the undertaking of business transactions amongst nations that can either be legal or illegally inclined. The United States being a land of opportunity and a superpower has made the nation one of the most admired countries in the globe (Laidler and Ture k, 2014). Its economy and robust foreign policies have catapulted the interests of manyRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1516 Words   |  7 Pagessaid, It is more important to pass comprehensive immigration reform, to me and to my caucus, than to win the election in November† (Foley, 2014). That was what Joe Garcia was trying to accomplish with his policy H.R. 15. The policy did not improve the sponsor’s chances of being reelected because his ideas in the spectrum were more towards the liberal side than the conservative. As Florida being a red state, a Republican candidate won the election. It came down to what party the candidates were fromRead MoreThe Divisive Election Of Presidential History Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 8th 2016 brought to close one of the most divisive elections in Presidential History. Most Americans see this obvious divide that exists in America at the current moment. Differences among race, gender, religion, political views, experiences, privilege, and age are just the starting point to the split that has turned neighbors against each other, friends into enemies, and has torn families apart. Its an understatement to say that tensions are high, and wounds are fresh. This countries divideRead MoreThe Issue Of Illegal Immigration1420 Words   |  6 Pagesis that of illegal immigration. â€Å"Immigratio n has been a constant source of economic vitality and demographic dynamism throughout our nation’s history.† (CAP Immigration Team, 2014) There are thousands of immigrants that arrive in the United States each year. Over the years, illegal immigration has been growing despite policies made to prevent this growth. In my opinion, immigration will continue to be a social issue that is fiercely debated during the 2016 Presidential elections in the United StatesRead MoreImmigration And The Debate On Immigration Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagesin the debate was about immigration. Every year, thousands of immigrants come to the United States, some document and some undocumented. They have different reasons for wanting to come to America, whether it is for jobs, the policies and laws of the United States, the economy, or even refugees from countries which are going through a civil war. There are many different opinions on immigration and what to do with illegal immigrants. Many citizens believe that taxes increase due to illegal immigrantsRead MoreAnalysis Of The 2016 Republican Primaries, Donald Trump And Dr. Ben Carson993 Words   |  4 PagesFrontrunners in the 2016 Republican Primaries One of the decisions that many people currently encounter is choosing which Presidential Candidate to support. This decision is often a defining factor for many people in American society. The Primaries can become more of a dividing point with so many candidates and the lack of research into political stances. While neither of the two front-runners in the Republican Primaries, Donald Trump and Dr. Ben Carson, seems like a typical politician, they haveRead MorePresidential Election And Paint It Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesglance at the 2016 Presidential Election and paint it as a looney bin with unpredictable results, wacky campaigns, and erratic candidates. However, after studying the election closely, I have discovered quite the contrary. In fact, I would even go as far to suggest that each candidate was a master of their craft—rhetoric. Looking back, it is entertaining to see how each candidate enhances their credibility, evokes a fusillade of emotions, and presents c ertain calculated policies. If asked several

The Effect of Vitamin C on Plant Growth Essay Sample free essay sample

Purpose: To find the consequence of salt/ sugar/ caffeine/ vitamin C on seed sprouting. Hypothesis: The works will turn easy or decease due to the Vitamin C. Equipment:* 2 cups* 2 mensurating cups* Water* Vitamin C/ orange Juice* Dirt* 4 seed ( 2 for each cup )* A swayerMethod:1. Pour ? of dirt into each cup2. Plant 2 seeds into each cup. Put it about half manner down the dirt 3. Mix 1mL of orange juice with 5mL H2O in a measuring cup. and mix 2mL or orange juice with 5mL of H2O into another mensurating cup. 4. Pour the 6mL mix into the 1mL of orange juice cup and pour the other in the other cup. 5. Water the works everyday and record the growing procedure. Consequence:Week| Height| leaves| Description|1| 0cm for both plants| 0 foliages for both plants| It has merely been planted| 2| 0cm forboth plants| O leaves for both plants| Roots are seeable but non come on above dirt. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Vitamin C on Plant Growth Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page | 5| 1mL- 21cm2mL- 19cm| 1mL- 442mL- 46| It has grown truly good. Leafs have non all formed and works may necessitate more infinite. The 1mL has grown taller but has less foliages. | Discussion:1. Was you experiment successful? Why/ why non? Yes it was successful as the works grew successfully. 2. How can we better our experiment? We could as about 1mL more orange juice into the mix 3. How can we better our dependability of our experiment? we could all make the same type of experiment or research about what we are making foremost. Decision: Plants grow faster with Vitamin C ( orangish juice ) as my works grew faster than most of the category. My works has grown successfully and will go on grow.